The Imperial Russian Army was the land armed forces of the Russian Empire, active from the early 18th century until its dissolution in 1917 during the Russian Revolution. Established under Peter the Great, it grew into one of the largest and most formidable armies in Europe, playing a key role in conflicts like the Napoleonic Wars, the Russo-Turkish Wars, and World War I.
Under Peter the Great, the army modernised with a standing force, moving away from reliance on irregular troops. Later rulers, such as Catherine the Great, expanded its reach and influence. By the 19th century, commanders like Mikhail Kutuzov led it to victory against Napoleon Bonaparte in 1812, cementing its reputation. In World War I, under Nicholas II, the army initially mobilised millions but faced heavy losses and logistical failures, contributing to its collapse during the 1917 upheavals.
The Imperial Russian Army was known for its vast conscripted ranks, including infantry, cavalry, and artillery units. It ceased to exist after the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the monarchy, with many of its remnants joining the White Army in the Russian Civil War.
