Translation bump anyone? The first panel is Calculus for sure while I'm guessing that the third panel is a simple sentence in Japanese or topic(maybe history considering that Keine works as a history teacher in the human village in canon. Besides, fanon stuff also keeps that as well).
That said, I think this might relate to common sense not existing in Gensokyo as it seems that at all the kids except Cirno understand(but not want to learn(Rumia)) Calculus but don't get basic history or language(Like I said, since there's no translation when this was posted, I'm not sure whether they are learning History or Language Arts).
The first one is something like calculate the following integral. But the second also makes me go "?" 傍線部A : mark/underline part A 作者の気持ちを答え: Answer with the authors "feelings" I think it might be something like answer the previous question like the author would. But I'm not familiar at all with 傍線.
Second part feels like she's asking them to show their work on the equation (in which case I sympathize with the 9heads, I always choked on that part back in high school).
